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How To Improve No Animals Were Harmed

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American animal and child welfare organization

American Humane
American Humane Association logo.svg
Founded 1877 (144 years ago)
Founder John Shortall, James Brown
Type Not-profit
Focus Fauna welfare, animal rights, child welfare
Location
  • Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles

Surface area served

United states of america
Method Training, disaster response

Revenue

$13,457,897[1]

Employees

143[2]
Website americanhumane.org

American Humane (AH) is an organization founded in 1877 committed to ensuring the safety, welfare, and well-being of animals. It was previously called the International Humane Association before changing its proper name in 1878. In 1940, it became the sole monitoring trunk for the humane treatment of animals on the sets of Hollywood films and other broadcast productions. American Humane is best known for its certification marking "No Animals Were Harmed", which appears at the finish of film or television credits where animals are featured. It has also run the Red Star Beast Emergency Services since 1916. In 2000, American Humane formed the Subcontract Fauna Services program, an animal welfare label organisation for food products. American Humane is currently[ when? ] headquartered in Washington, D.C.[iv] It is a section 501(c)(3) non-turn a profit organisation.[v]

Early history [edit]

The American Humane Association, 1919

American Humane began on October 9, 1877, as the International Humane Association, with the amalgamation of 27 organizations from across the United States after a coming together at the Kennard House in Cleveland, Ohio.[half-dozen] The invitation to the other groups came from the Illinois Humane Society, sent on September fifteen, 1877, to discuss the specific problem of subcontract animal maltreatment during their send between the eastern and western US. Groups attending the meeting included associations from the State of New York, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Maryland, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. A grouping from Minnesota besides pledged its support to the forthcoming results of the conference, though they could not attend, and a group from the Canadian province of Quebec requested that a transcript of the proceedings be sent to them afterward.[7]

The International Humane Association inverse its name to the "American Humane Clan" in November 1878.[8] New fellow member organizations were in attendance for their second annual full general meeting, held in Baltimore, Maryland, also came from California, Massachusetts, Maine, Delaware, and the District of Columbia. Canadian regions were likewise included in the Association.[nine] From 1892 to 1900, Francis H. Rowley was Secretary of the American Humane Association.[10]

In 1916, American Humane founded Reddish Star Rescue Relief after the U.Southward. Secretary of War asked American Humane to rescue injured horses on the battlefields of World War I.[11] Notable members of 1917 included President William O. Stillman and 2nd Vice-President Peter G. Gerry. There were 36 Vice-Presidents listed including William Howard Taft, Thomas R. Marshall and Francis H. Rowley.[12]

In 1954, tensions within the ranks of American Humane members came to a head at the organization'southward annual coming together, as a member-nominated slate of lath candidates stood for office in opposition to a board-nominated slate. The majority of those assembled at the Atlanta, Georgia, convention elected the three candidates on the member-nominated slate, J. Perry, Raymond Naramore, and Roland Smith. In the coming together's aftermath, there were firings and resignations on the part of staff members, including Larry Andrews, Marcia Glaser, Helen Jones, and Fred Myers. This core group went on to found a new organization, the National Humane Society, later known every bit The Humane Lodge of the The states, equally an alternative to American Humane.[xiii]

American Humane's first "No Animals Were Harmed" cease credit was issued at the end of the movie The Doberman Gang in 1972.[xiv]

In 1997, American Humane launched The Front Porch Project in order to prevent kid corruption and neglect.[14]

Clemency evaluations [edit]

American Humane is a BBB accredited charity.[fifteen] American Humane also received a B+ rating from CharityWatch.[16]

Red Star Animal Emergency Services [edit]

According to The Gettysburg Times, the "American Humane Association began offering creature relief in August, 1916, past accepting an invitation of the War Section to assistance animals used past the U.South. Ground forces during WWI. The invitation resulted in the development of the American Red Star Fauna Relief Programme known today as Scarlet Star Rescue Relief. Since its inception, the American Humane Association'due south Red Star Animal Emergency Services has responded to national and international disasters, rescuing thousands of animals."[17] Disasters where the group has rescued animals include the 2011 Joplin tornado,[xviii] Hurricane Katrina, the 2010 Haiti convulsion,[19] Hurricane Sandy,[twenty] the 2011 Tōhoku convulsion and tsunami, and the September 11 attacks.[21]

Today, Red Star Rescue Relief includes a armada of emergency response vehicles customized to assistance animals in disasters, as well as specialized rescue equipment designed specifically for brute search and rescue.[17]

Recently, Red Star Rescue Relief saved hundreds of shelter animals following an F-5 tornado in Oklahoma. In addition to natural disasters, Red Star Rescue Relief also recovers animals from canis familiaris-fighting rings, man-made disasters, and hazardous creature shelters.[22]

Publications [edit]

American Humane has released several books and publications including:

  • Animal Stars: Behind the Scenes with Your Favorite Fauna Actors (2014) chronicles the animals and trainers in popular movies and television receiver shows.[23] [24]
  • Pet Meets Infant (2011) which provides tips to beast owners on how to set for a babe.[25]
  • Protecting Children, a quarterly journal focused on child welfare.[26]

Work in the film industry [edit]

Film and television unit [edit]

American Humane began its work in film in 1940 after an incident that occurred on the set of the film Jesse James.[27] The group began protesting the public release of the film because of a scene in which a horse was forced to run off the edge of a cliff.[28] The equus caballus fell over lxx feet to the ground below and bankrupt its spine, having to be put down afterwards.[29] In 1966, American Humane's access to some sets was diminished for fourteen years following the dismantling of the Hays Office, during which time their jurisdiction was lessened.

By contract with the Screen Actors Guild, American Humane monitors animal apply on motion picture sets. However, the Screen Actors Guild has no jurisdiction apropos non-American and non-matrimony productions.[30]

In 1980,[31] following the release of Heaven's Gate, the opening of which was met with a national picketing and protest effort after complaints near how the filming of the movie had involved the inhumane treatment of animals – including the deaths of five horses – the Screen Actors Guild negotiated for the universal presence of American Humane on the set equally part of its union bargain, forcing moviemakers to contact American Humane in accelerate of any animal existence present on ready.[32]

Today the American Humane Film and Television Unit specifically oversees animals used during media productions, and it is sanctioned by the Screen Actors Guild to oversee a production'due south humane intendance of animals. It is the only organization with jurisdiction to do then within the United states.[33] Because of this, American Humane may cull to consequence the end credit disclaimer "No Animals Were Harmed", with a slice of a filmstrip that depicts a dog, a horse and an elephant.[34] American Humane also reports on brute condom during filming if public concerns arise or if animal accidents happen on the prepare.[35] American Humane protects the animals on the ready every bit well as the bandage/crew members who collaborate with the animals. According to American Humane, they ensure that budgets and time constraints practice not compromise the safety or intendance of the animals.[36]

Guidelines [edit]

American Humane'south standard of animal care is outlined in the Guidelines for the Safe Use of Animals in Filmed Media, which were established in 1988. It covers large animals, as well as fish, insects, birds, reptiles, and any other living beast.[37] On the set, American Humane's Certified Brute Condom Representatives attempt to ensure the Guidelines are upheld.[38] American Humane's oversight includes film, television, commercials, music videos, and Internet productions.[39]

Criticism [edit]

In the late 1980s, American Humane was defendant past Bob Barker and the United Activists for Animal Rights of palliating beast cruelty on the set of Projection 10 and in several other media projects. The footing of the accusation was the allowing of a cattle prod and a gun on set, and the rumoured beating of the chimpanzee on set. American Humane responded by launching a $10 million conform for libel, slander and invasion of privacy against Barker.[forty] American Humane claimed that in that location had been a two-yr "vendetta" against them behind the accusations.[41] In a series of public advertisements along with the $10 million libel suit, American Humane stated that the allegations were made based on insufficient and misleading information.[40] The suit was somewhen settled by Barker's insurance company, which paid American Humane $300,000.[42]

Los Angeles Times reported, in 2001, that the American Humane Film Unit of measurement "has been ho-hum to criticize cases of fauna mistreatment, nevertheless quick to defend the big-upkeep studios it is supposed to police," and that an examination of American Humane "also raises questions near the association's effectiveness." The article cites numerous cases of animals injured during filming which the American Humane may have disregarded.[43]

In late 2013, The Hollywood Reporter ran a story which implicated American Humane in turning a blind heart to and underreporting incidents of animal abuse on television and picture show sets. For example, during the filming of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, 27 animals died. Yet, the movie received a "no animals were harmed" disclaimer. During the filming of the picture show Life of Pi, the tiger "Male monarch" nearly drowned in a pool, yet this incident was not reported exterior of the American Humane system.[44]

In early on 2017, CNN reported that American Humane's representative for the movie A Dog'south Purpose failed to properly monitor and protect a dog used in the film. American Humane placed an employee on leave after a video was published showing the dog in distress while performing a stunt for the movie.[45] A tertiary-party report after found that the video was "deliberately edited for the purpose of misleading the public and stoking public outrage."[46] [47]

Contempo programs [edit]

Humane Heartland [edit]

In 2000, American Humane'south Subcontract Animals Services program created the first farm animal welfare label to exist overseen by the U.South. Department of Agriculture. The program began as "Free Farmed" under Adele Douglass, who left American Humane in 2003, to institute Humane Farm Fauna Intendance. American Humane's program is now chosen "Humane Heartland."

American Humane certifies farms afterward evaluating them on a five-betoken criteria. The animals are expected to be gratuitous from hunger, discomfort, pain, and fear, and able to express normal behavior. Farms that meet this criteria receive an American Humane Certified label.[48]

In the past four years, the number of American Humane Certified animals has jumped more than 1,000%. Over 1 billion animals are now American Humane Certified.[48] As of July 2012, information technology claimed to include 100 major producers, representing approximately 500 farms,[49] and more than 135 meg animals.[50] The auditing is done past American Humane, with the USDA also auditing the certifications to ensure compliance.[51] [52] The label informs purchasers that American Humane has found that the animals were not subjected to unnecessary pain, distress, or fear while being raised.[53] Part of what the program demands is the implementation of minimum space requirements per animal on a farm or in farming facilities.[54] American Humane currently certifies approximately 90 percent of muzzle-gratis eggs sold in the U.S.[55]

Controversy [edit]

In 2013, Foster Farms earned the American Humane Certified designation from American Humane for its handling of poultry.[56] In June 2015, Mercy for Animals released a video of an undercover investigation of several Foster Farms poultry facilities certified as "humane" by American Humane. The footage included workers treating the chickens violently and using inhumane slaughter methods; this resulted in Mercy for Animals calling American Humane's certification programme "a scam".[57]

The American Humane Hero Dog Awards [edit]

Each year a series of dogs are awarded the Hero Dog Awards, given to dogs that have contributed substantially to human order. In that location are several categories in which dogs can be nominated, including the Military Dog category. The chiliad prize for the American Hero Dog was $10,000, which is given to a charity that reflects the contributions of the animal.[58] In 2011 and 2012 the awards were broadcast on the Authentication Channel.[59] The beginning winner of the national award was a dog named Roselle, who led his blind possessor downwards from the 78th floor of the World Trade Eye during the September 11 attacks. At that place were more than 400,000 votes bandage in the online poll that adamant the winner. Unfortunately, Roselle died several months before the winner was announced. The award was given on November 11, 2011.[60]

Child welfare services [edit]

American Humane has several initiatives to better child welfare services.[61]

Front Porch Project [edit]

American Humane launched the Front end Porch Project in 1997 in society to prevent child corruption and neglect. American Humane works through 'sustainer' organizations in local communities in order to intervene on behalf of at-risk and abused children.[62]

In addition to building a network of customs trainers, the Front end Porch Project as well invests in evaluating the performance of their initiatives in each of the communities they operate in.[63]

The Fatherhood Initiative [edit]

American Humane launched the Fatherhood Initiative in order to develop better methods of engaging non-resident fathers with children who are in the welfare organisation. The project researches the affect of non-resident fathers on their children, and examines how to foster or improve their relationship.[64]

The Fatherhood Initiative likewise provides information to caseworkers on techniques to place and locate non-resident fathers.[64]

Governance and finances [edit]

American Humane'southward budget for 2013 was just over $13 1000000. Their total revenue was $13.4 million.[1]

The organization closed its Denver, Colorado part in 2011 and moved its operations to Washington, D.C.[65]

Eric Bruner, the board chair of the organization, resigned in January 2013 amongst revelations that American Humane paid $233,863 to his business organisation partner, Gregory Dew, for unspecified consulting services. Dew was the highest paid American Humane "independent contractor" in the fiscal twelvemonth that ended June 30, 2011, co-ordinate to filings the charity submitted to the IRS[xxx] [66]

Employees [edit]

In 2004, Marie Belew Wheatley became executive manager of American Humane. In 2010, she left to go the executive managing director of the Colorado Ballet, and then left the Colorado Ballet in 2013.[67] Current American Humane President and CEO Robin Ganzert received $284,912 in compensation for 2013.[68] Jack Hubbard serves as American Humane'southward Primary Operating Officer.[69]

People [edit]

  • James Brownish
  • John G. Shortall (1837-1908), president (1884-1885, 1892-1898)
  • John L. Shortall
  • Elbridge T. Gerry, Three president (1888)
  • Peter G. Gerry
  • Francis H. Rowley, secretary (1892-1900)[x]
  • Albert Leffingwell, M.D., president (1904)
  • William Olin Stillman, president (1904-1924)[seventy]
  • Frank L. Baldwin, vice president (1923)[71]
  • Robin Ganzert, president and CEO (2010–present)[72]

Come across besides [edit]

  • Animals in picture show and television

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b "Compassion Brochure" (PDF). American Humane. Archived from the original (PDF) on Baronial eleven, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  2. ^ "Grade 990" (PDF). American Humane. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 9, 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2014. </
  3. ^ "About Us - American Humane - American Humane".
  4. ^ "American Humane Association moving HQ from Colorado to D.C." Denver Business Journal. February 14, 2011. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  5. ^ "American Humane Association: Tax Status". Better Business Bureau. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  6. ^ Claire Yard. Renzetti; Jeffrey L. Edleson (2008). Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence, Volume ane. SAGE Publications. ISBN9781412918008 . Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  7. ^ Doings of the Annual Meeting, Volumes 1. American Humane Association. 1877. pp. 5–seven. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  8. ^ Doings of the Annual Meeting, Volumes i, p. 19
  9. ^ Doings of the Annual Meeting, Volumes 2. American Humane Association. 1878. pp. 8–9. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  10. ^ a b The National Cyclopædia of American Biography, Volume 43. (1961). New York: James T. White & Visitor. pp. 206-207
  11. ^ "Colorado Floods: American Humane Association'due south Red Star™ rescue team mobilizes to help animal victims". Mars.com . Retrieved March three, 2015.
  12. ^ The American Humane Association. Volume 5, No. 1. (January, 1917).
  13. ^ P. Parkes and J. Sichel, The Humane Society of the U.s. 1954-1979: Twenty V Years of Growth and Achievement, Washington, 1979, 3
  14. ^ a b "History and Milestones". American Humane Association . Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  15. ^ "Charity Review". BBB Wise Giving Alliance . Retrieved March 2, 2015.
  16. ^ "CharityWatch Report". CharityWatch . Retrieved March 2, 2015.
  17. ^ a b "Rig headed to area to mark SPCA result". The Gettysburg Times. June 16, 2007. Retrieved Feb 28, 2013.
  18. ^ "American Humane Association to aid beast victims of Joplin disaster". The Country Journal-Register. May 25, 2011.
  19. ^ Steve Dale (January 27, 2011). "Robin Ganzert Steers American Humane Clan from a Celebrated Past into A Promising Future". ChicagoNow. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March iv, 2013.
  20. ^ Laura T. Coffey (October 30, 2012). "Blitz is on to rescue animals stranded in Sandy's wake". Today . Retrieved March four, 2013.
  21. ^ Erin Thompson (July 9, 2007). "Animal rescue grouping shows off big rig". The Evening Sunday . Retrieved March iv, 2013.
  22. ^ "Charity'south special 'Gratitude' consequence honors Southward Florida's premiere humanitarian". BrownFlynn. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
  23. ^ "Creature Stars: Behind the Scenes With Your Favorite Creature Actors". Wait to the Stars. Baronial 15, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
  24. ^ "San Francisco Volume Review". Beast Stars: Backside The Scenes With your Favorite Fauna Actors. Archived from the original on March 20, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
  25. ^ "Helpful Information". Accvet. Archived from the original on Jan 12, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
  26. ^ Renzetti, Claire (2008). Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence, Volume 1. Sage Publications. ISBN9781412918008 . Retrieved March 2, 2015.
  27. ^ Johnna Rizzo (February 24, 2013). "Dorothy Lamour never got nominated for an Oscar, while a chimp never could". National Geographic . Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  28. ^ "Groups targeting Humane Association over handling of apes in movies". Us Today. Associated Press. March 15, 2006. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  29. ^ "Hollywood Under Fire in Decease of second Horse". Los Angeles Daily News. April 28, 2005. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  30. ^ a b Animal People, 2013 Animal People Watchdog Report, 5, http://world wide web.animalpeoplenews.org/watchdog_report.html Archived September 7, 2014, at the Wayback Motorcar
  31. ^ The Fifth Manor. "Profile: American Humane". CBC News. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  32. ^ Lisa Wolfson (August one, 1987). "The Humane Society keeps film set abuse down". Deseret News . Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  33. ^ Eve Light Honthaner (2013). The Complete Pic Production Handbook. CRC Printing. ISBN9781136053054 . Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  34. ^ Empire (2012). Empire Picture Miscellany: Instant Motion picture Buff Status Guaranteed. Random House. p. 160. ISBN9781448132911.
  35. ^ "American Humane Investigates Horse Injury on Set of Russell Crowe's '3:x To Yuma'". Star Pulse. October 26, 2006. Archived from the original on October fifteen, 2013. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  36. ^ American Man Clan. "Protecting Your Ass* From Damage" (PDF). American Man Film & Television Units. p. iv. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  37. ^ Steven Pinker (2011). The Ameliorate Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Penguin Books. ISBN9781101544648 . Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  38. ^ Thomas Lennonand Robert B Garant (2011). Writing Movies for Fun and Profit: How We Made a Billion Dollars at the Box Office and You Can, Too!. Simon & Schuster. ISBN978-1439186770 . Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  39. ^ Elayne Boosler (March 27, 2012). "Yes, Animals Were Harmed in the Making of This Motion Picture". HuffPost . Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  40. ^ a b Lucinda Smith; Leah Feldon; Eleanor Hoover (September 18, 1989). "Speaking Upwards for 'Abused' Animals, Bob Barker Is Hit with a Lawsuit". People . Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  41. ^ "Game Show Host Sued For Libel". The Spokesman-Review. Associated Press. Baronial 31, 1989. p. A7. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  42. ^ "Beast Board Official Seeks Disharmonize-of-Involvement Probe". Los Angeles Daily News. March 30, 1994. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  43. ^ Ralph Frammolino; James Bates (February 9, 2001). "Questions Raised Nigh Group That Watches Out for Animals in Movies". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  44. ^ Animals were harmed
  45. ^ Sandra Gonzalez (Jan 19, 2017). "'A Dog's Purpose' faces backlash after 'disturbing' video surfaces". CNN. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
  46. ^ McCleary, Kelly. "'A Domestic dog'south Purpose' video mischaracterized events, investigation finds". CNN. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  47. ^ services, Tribune news. "'A Dog'south Purpose' leaked video that raised concerns was misleadingly edited: report". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  48. ^ a b "American Humane Association Certifies the Welfare of About 1 Billion Subcontract Animals". Growing Georgia . Retrieved March iii, 2015.
  49. ^ "American Humane's CEO Predicts Continued Intensive Animal Agriculture, But With Meaning Humane Improvements". Fox 19. Archived from the original on April two, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  50. ^ "Is Talk Cheap in Farm Animal Welfare?". Cause Matters Corp. May 12, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  51. ^ Melinda Fulmer (September 20, 2000). "New Food Characterization to Certify Humane Treatment of Animals". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  52. ^ "Standards and Guidelines". USDA . Retrieved March three, 2015.
  53. ^ "Label Indicates Humane Handling, 'Costless Farmed' Foods Hateful Producers Are Kind to Animals". San Jose Mercury News. September 20, 2000. Retrieved March four, 2013.
  54. ^ Toll, Catherine (September 16, 2008). "Sorting Through the Claims of the Boastful Egg". The New York Times . Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  55. ^ "The Happy Egg Co Receives AHA Certification". Grocery Headquarters. Archived from the original on April two, 2015. Retrieved March iii, 2015.
  56. ^ "American Humane® Certified FAQ". Foster Farms. Archived from the original on March 11, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  57. ^ Mercy for Animals (June 17, 2015). "American Humane Association Slammed For Awarding 'Humane' Certification To Slaughterhouse Caught on Video Torturing Animals". PR Newswire. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  58. ^ Christina Ng (September 19, 2012). "Military machine Heroes and Their Hero Dogs". ABC World News Tonight. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  59. ^ "Kristin Chenoweth to host 'Hero Domestic dog Awards' show". Tulsa Earth. September 26, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  60. ^ Linda Wilson Fuoco (Oct 29, 2011). "Pet Tales -- Heroes in the spotlight: Guide dog honored for leading her human being to condom on ix/xi". Pittsburgh Mail-Gazette . Retrieved March iv, 2013.
  61. ^ "Children". American Humane. Archived from the original on March 11, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  62. ^ "Fatherhood Initiative". American Humane Clan. Archived from the original on February xvi, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  63. ^ "Children". American Humane Association. Archived from the original on April 8, 2011. Retrieved March iii, 2015.
  64. ^ a b "Social Worker Preparation Curriculum: Engaging the Non-Resident Male parent" (PDF). Berkeley.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March iii, 2015.
  65. ^ "American Humane Association moving HQ from Colorado to D.C." Denver Business Journal.
  66. ^ "American Humane Assn. lath Chairman Eric Bruner resigns". Los Angeles Times. Jan 9, 2013. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
  67. ^ Kyle MacMillan (Baronial 28, 2010). "With new director, ballet seeks financial stability". The Denver Mail service . Retrieved June 9, 2014.
  68. ^ "Class 990" (PDF). American Humane. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  69. ^ Humane, American. "American Humane Names Senior Executive to Drive Support and Expansion of Programs Serving the Nation's Most Vulnerable". www.prnewswire.com . Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  70. ^ "William Olin Stillman Papers: Manuscripts and Special Collections: New York State Library". Nysl.nysed.gov. Retrieved June nine, 2014.
  71. ^ "Denounce Wearing of Bird Feathers". The New York Times. Oct 23, 1923. Retrieved November iv, 2012. Dr. Frank L. Baldwin, Vice President of American Humane Society [sic], under the auspices of Which the briefing was called, characterized New York equally 'the mecca of humane workers and the birthplace of the humanitarian movement.'
  72. ^ "American Humane Association, Aetna Foundation, Dave Thomas Foundation, and more". Philanthropy Journal. September ane, 2010. Archived from the original on December xx, 2010. Retrieved March iv, 2013.

Sources [edit]

  • Coleman, Sydney. Humane Club Leaders in America (Albany: American Humane Association, 1924).

External links [edit]

  • Official website

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Humane

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